Basic Terminal Commands for MacOS

MacOS

Hidden behind beautiful Mac screens is the world of Terminal Command lines. Knowing how to use these commands will help you increase your work efficiency in a great way.

Below is a list of the most basic commands divided by purpose of use:

CORE COMMANDS

Key/Command Description
cd [folder] Change directory e.g. cd Documents
cd Home directory
cd ~ Home directory
cd / Root of drive
cd – Previous directory
ls Short listing
ls -l Long listing
ls -a Listing incl. hidden files
ls -lh Long listing with Human readable file sizes
ls -R Entire content of folder recursively
sudo [command] Run command with the security privileges of the superuser (Super User DO)
open [file] Opens a file ( as if you double clicked it )
top Displays active processes. Press q to quit
nano [file] Opens the file using the nano editor
vim [file] Opens the file using the vim editor
clear Clears the screen
reset Resets the terminal display

CHAINING COMMANDS

Key/Command Description
[command-a]; [command-b] Run command A and then B, regardless of success of A
[command-a] && [command-b] Run command B if A succeeded
[command-a] || [command-b] Run command B if A failed
[command-a] & Run command A in background

PIPING COMMANDS

Key/Command Description
[command-a] | [command-b] Run command A and then pass the result to command B e.g ps auxwww | grep google

COMMAND HISTORY

Key/Command Description
history n Shows the stuff typed – add a number to limit the last n items
Ctrl + r Interactively search through previously typed commands
![value] Execute the last command typed that starts with ‘value’
![value]:p Print to the console the last command typed that starts with ‘value’
!! Execute the last command typed
!!:p Print to the console the last command typed

FILE MANAGEMENT

Key/Command Description
touch [file] Create a new file
pwd Full path to working directory
. Current folder, e.g. ls .
.. Parent/enclosing directory, e.g. ls ..
ls -l .. Long listing of parent directory
cd ../../ Move 2 levels up
cat Concatenate to screen
rm [file] Remove a file, e.g. rm data.tmp
rm -i [file] Remove with confirmation
rm -r [dir] Remove a directory and contents
rm -f [file] Force removal without confirmation
cp [file] [newfile] Copy file to file
cp [file] [dir] Copy file to directory
mv [file] [new filename] Move/Rename, e.g. mv file1.ad /tmp
pbcopy < [file] Copies file contents to clipboard
pbpaste Paste clipboard contents
pbpaste > [file] Paste clipboard contents into file, pbpaste > paste-test.txt

DIRECTORY MANAGEMENT

Key/Command Description
mkdir [dir] Create new directory
mkdir -p [dir]/[dir] Create nested directories
rmdir [dir] Remove directory ( only operates on empty directories )
rm -R [dir] Remove directory and contents
less [file] Output file content delivered in screensize chunks
[command] > [file] Push output to file, keep in mind it will get overwritten
[command] >> [file] Append output to existing file
[command] < [file] Tell command to read content from a file

SEARCH

Key/Command Description
find [dir] -name [search_pattern] Search for files, e.g. find /Users -name "file.txt"
grep [search_pattern] [file] Search for all lines that contain the pattern, e.g. grep "Tom" file.txt
grep -r [search_pattern] [dir] Recursively search in all files in specified directory for all lines that contain the pattern
grep -v [search_pattern] [file] Search for all lines that do NOT contain the pattern
grep -i [search_pattern] [file] Search for all lines that contain the case-insensitive pattern
mdfind [search_pattern] Spotlight search for files (names, content, other metadata), e.g. mdfind skateboard
mdfind -onlyin [dir] -name [pattern] Spotlight search for files named like pattern in the given directory

HELP

Key/Command Description
[command] -h Offers help
[command] –help Offers help
info [command] Offers help
man [command] Show the help manual for [command]
whatis [command] Gives a one-line description of [command]
apropos [search-pattern] Searches for command with keywords in description